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UEFI Secure Boot in Windows 8. Just as you need a battery to start a car from which the fuel power takes over, similarly you need a firmware to start the computer and bring it to a minimal functional state from which the operating system takes over. The firmware called BIOS is a first generation computer program in the processor's assembly language which is executed by the processor to directly control the hardware.

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This provides the foundation for building. The core layer is an abstraction of the hardware components into software objects which are further developed through the layers into. Download Driver Notebook Hp 2133 Drivers.

Hardware Drivers, and finally coupled to a well- defined User interface at the peripheral layer. Once this platform called. Operating System gets built, the complexity of the hardware and its I/O functions are controlled by simple software commands from the User interface. The Operating System internally translate these commands into a string of low level instructions.

Windows 8 has re- engineered its boot method by adopting. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) as the new firmware standard while continuing to support the legacy BIOS (Basic Input Output System) firmware standard for machines with old hardware which are not UEFI compatible. UEFI brings in. newer features in the platform firmware alongwith a newer set of policies and specifications to comply with. Platform Firmware provides the first set of instructions that run when the computer is switched on. After the platform firmware finishes detecting hardware and initializes the system, it passes control to the Bootloader.

Operating System (OS). Firmware also resides in hardware devices like video cards and. The BIOS firmware program in 1. MB addressable memory space in what is termed as. Real Mode. The function of the BIOS is transient during the boot process, after which the processor's Real Mode 1. OS establishes an advanced platform structure called.

Protected Mode utilising the 3. In protected mode, programs run on an OS rather than directly on the platform as in Real Mode. The OS interfaces with programs as. Real mode. The OS in effect emulates as a high performance. Protected Mode was phrased to imply that memory is protected from erroneous over- write as is possible in Real Mode, where each program is free to. In the UEFI firmware, only the platform initialisation tasks are performed in Real Mode, after which the UEFI builds a rudimentary operating system on the platform to enable 6. Protected Mode for launching the subsequent boot.

UEFI originally called EFI, was developed by Intel as a modern alternative to the PC BIOS. Now it's supported by an industry consortium.

UEFI in essence, is a light- weight operating system, written primarily in C language, that. Being an operating system, UEFI interfaces the computer hardware as a virtual platform for running firmware programs. The primary function of the UEFI is to boot an operating system, but it can also be used to run pre- OS utility. BIOS firmware was developed using assembly language for the earliest PCs in the 1. Although BIOS is still the most prevalent firmware type, it is limited to a 1. CPU; AND one megabyte (1 MB) of addressable memory space. A modern 3. 2/6. 4- bit processor has to emulate in 1.

Real Mode) in the BIOS platform as BIOS standards were developed for 1. A BIOS is the very first program that is executed once the system is switched on. The function of the BIOS program is to control the hardware platform till it identifies and executes the Bootloader program.

The BIOS stores its hardware initialisation parameters, boot data and system date- time in a CMOS chip which. BIOS configuration data. The CMOS chip is an ultra- low current static RAM (NVRAM) powered by a coin cell (CR2. The ROM acts as a storage device for firmware programs to reside in a passive state and gets activated when they are loaded (copied) into memory for execution by the processor. In the system initialisation. ROM and this ends with an instruction to copy the ROM codes into memory (RAM). The BIOS program in RAM, Data in NVRAM, and all embedded memory locations in devices.

BIOS subroutine, are consolidated by mapping them to a single memory- address- map to serve as an uniform logical memory structure for the entire system. The BIOS program use the logical memory address and the memory map serves. Device ROM or RAM. Normally the processor executes instructions sequentially from the logical memory. A memory reference in an instruction is used to access a subroutine. ROM Or transfer program control to another location in the RAM. The BIOS program had gone through numerous revisions with almost every new version of PC until it evolved into the UEFI.

The following table tries to depict the typical memory utilisation of BIOS as it. When a system is switched on, the system memory (RAM) is empty and therefore the processor doesn't really have anything to execute. The processor is thus hard coded with the first instruction (JMP FFFF0h). Jump (JMP) to the memory location (FFFF0h) mapped to the BIOS ROM to begin execution of the BIOS program. The first routine within the BIOS ROM performs the Power- On- Self- Test (POST) and Hardware initialisation tasks. The system memory (RAM) is then initialised and loaded with the BIOS ROM program.

This is. followed by a second Jump instruction to shift the program execution to a location in the RAM. This process is called Shadowing and is done because execution from RAM is much faster than from a ROM resulting in reduced boot time. The second jump instruction takes the processor to a part of the BIOS program (now in RAM) which identifies those devices which must be available for user I/O and system R/W operations - keyboards, video. SATA storage controllers and Optical Disc Drives. Devices are accessed either by the memory address bus or by a dedicated I/O bus consisting of device I/O ports. These devices has a self- contained driver program in a ROM (called Option.

ROM) directly. attached to the device. The BIOS calls those Option. ROM driver programs (subroutines) to invoke the device functions. At this stage, the processor checks for an user control signal (interrupt) sent via the keyboard which sets a flag indicating a request for change of the BIOS Configuration. If the interrupt flag is found.

BIOS executes the BIOS GUI program which allow an user to modify the BIOS configuration data from list- options, and save it into the CMOS RAM. The PC restarts to load the latest changes in the BIOS configuration.

The final phase of the BIOS program is to identify the Boot device from a list of boot devices, defined in descending order of priority in the boot configuration. The BIOS searches for the master boot.

MBR) in the first sector of each boot device (Cylinder 0, Head 0, Sector 1), starting from the device at highest priority, and loads the first available MBR into memory location 0. C0. 0h. MBR contains three pieces of information:  the master partition. BIOS transfers program control to the memory location 0. C0. 0h and the master boot code executes, which locates the active boot partition from data in the master partition table, and loads into memory. Bootloader program (NTLDR) of the OS.

At the point, when the MBR boot code loads the NTLDR Bootloader, the BIOS relinquishes control and the OS assumes control of the computer system. The NTLDR Bootloader executes to chainload or bootstrap the OS loader. OS program. UEFI require hard discs in GPT partition structure, instead of the master boot record (MBR) partition structure that is used in BIOS. MBR is limited to addressing 2. TB of Hard Disc Space and 4 primary partitions whereas GPT addressing. GPT disc can have up to 1.

If Windows 8 is already installed using Legacy BIOS, it can't be converted to UEFI. A new OS installation will be required. The BIOS is essentially a set of platform instructions (routine) in 1.

UEFI is an Operating System that accomplishes the platform tasks through 6. C- language which.