Mac OS X Directory Services v. Accessing an Active Directory Service .

Many organizations with Windows computers use Active Directory because it provides these features. Security and policy management for Windows computers. Tight integration with popular application servers such as Microsoft Exchange and Microsoft SQL Server. High availability, with the ability to place multiple replica servers across geographic locations in a multimaster configuration. It is easy to integrate Mac OS X into an Active Directory environment. Although Mac OS X computers can access directory information.

Active Directory via the LDAPv. Active Directory connector, which provides the following.

Creating a computer account for secure communication with Active Directory services. Configuring mappings of Open Directory objects and attributes to Active Directory objects and attributes.

30 Young Adult Books for Activists-in-Training. The earlier kids realize they can get involved with things and have the power to make a difference. Also note that in Mac OS X v10.6, the default preference for the Finder is to not display hard disks and or connected servers, so no items will be displayed on the. Run the Adobe Creative Cloud Cleaner Tool to resolve some Adobe Creative Cloud or Adobe Creative Suite installation issues.

Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson look at some of the basic commands that you need to know to be productive at the command line.

Setting up the Kerberos environment for seamless integration with Active Directory. Enabling SMB packet signing and packet encryption. Support of Active Directory password policies. Support of Active Directory sites, which directs Windows and Mac OS X client computers to the most appropriate services based. IP network. Caching information from Active Directory services so that Mac OS X computers can use the information even if they are not. In this chapter you will learn how to use System Preferences, Directory Utility, and the command line to bind to Active Directory. Active Directory connector to enable login and access to a network home folder.

Before you bind, however, you need to know a few things about your Active Directory service. A domain is identified by. DNS namespace; for example, the server windows- server. Active Directory relies on DNS records generated by a DNS service that is tightly integrated with Active Directory, so you. Mac OS X to use the DNS service associated with the Active Directory domain before attempting to bind. A forest is a set of domain trees that have a common schema and global catalog, which is used to describe a best- effort collection of all the resources in a domain.

The global catalog is commonly used. Just like user objects, computer objects are used for identification, authentication, and authorization. The. computer object has rights to do certain things, such as to bind and update its own DNS record. This password is a shared secret between your Mac OS X computer and the Active Directory. Your Mac OS X computer uses this password to authenticate to Active Directory and set up a secure channel to enable. Mac OS X computer to communicate with Active Directory. The password is randomly generated, and it is unrelated to the.

For more information, see the section “Confirming Your Active Directory Connector. Samba Service Are Using the Same Active Directory Computer Password” in Chapter 8. This computer ID is based on your host name (if you use the Accounts preference). Bonjour name (if you use Directory Utility). Regardless of what you enter as a computer ID, Mac OS X will use only.

If your computer name is longer than 1. Active. Directory. Each computer should use the same Mac OS X computer name and Active Directory computer name to help keep track. By default, you can use a regular Active Directory user to bind to Active Directory ten times.

The steps are as. Open System Preferences. Click Accounts. Click Login Options. Click Join next to Network Account Server. By default. this displays your host name, which may be determined from a DNS record that matches your IP address, or your Bonjour name. DNS record. Mac OS X attempts to bind to Active Directory. The process is very similar—you can click the Open Directory Utility button on the Login.

Options pane of the Accounts preference (shown in the figure below step 4 of the preceding exercise), or open Directory Utility. System/Library/Core. Services/. You must specify the Active Directory domain as you did in the preceding exercise. By default, when you log in with an Active Directory user account, the following things are true.

If your password will expire soon, you have the opportunity to change it during the login process. You can confirm this by. Ticket Viewer application (in /System/Library/Core. Services). Consider the figure below. Active Directory tools.

You may experience unexpected results. Active Directory user does not have write permissions to the home folder. If you log. in as the same Active Directory user on multiple Mac OS X computers that are configured with the default settings for the. Active Directory connector, you will have a different home folder on each computer, and the contents will not be synchronized.

See the section “Understanding Mobile Accounts” for more on this. Deselect the option to force the creation of a local home folder, and then use Active Directory tools to assign a network. Active Directory user account. See the “Specifying a Network Home Folder” section for details. For instance, you may want to not force local. Active Directory groups whose members will be considered local.

Mac OS X computer. In this section you will learn how to use Directory. Utility and the command line to configure some of the advanced options of the Active Directory connector. If necessary, click the lock in the lower- left corner and provide. A mobile account caches user credentials locally. See the “Understanding Mobile Accounts” section for more details about mobile accounts and synchronized home folders. If you enable this option, Mac OS X creates.

Users/username when an Active Directory user logs in (unless a local home folder already exists at that location). The Active Directory connector maps ds. Attr. Type. Standard: SMBHome. Directory to Active Directory’s ds. Attr. Type. Native: home. Directory. You can also specify this option with the - uncpath option of dsconfigad. SMB is the default setting, so it.

Windows file services to host home folders for Active Directory users who log in to a Mac OS X computer. Many Windows Server administrators require client computers. Mac OS X to access their SMB share points.

SMB client software. SFM is not recommended for Mac OS X network home. If you must use your Windows server for network home directories, consider running a third- party AFP file service. Group. Logic’s Extreme. Z- IP, on your Windows server.

You can use Mac OS X Server’s AFP service for users who log in to Mac OS X computers, and Mac OS X Server’s. SMB service for users who log in to Windows computers. Discourage users from simultaneously logging in as the same user on. Mac OS X and Windows computers, because editing the same file over two different protocols simultaneously could corrupt the. Unless you specify otherwise. Active Directory connector creates a local home folder on the startup volume, so Mac OS X mounts the Windows. The default preference.

Finder in Mac OS X v. To change this in the Finder, choose. Finder > Preferences and select the checkbox for “Connected servers.”.

When an Active Directory user with a valid Windows home folder (ds. Attr. Type. Standard: SMBHome) logs in to a Mac OS X computer that does not have the “Force local home directory on startup disk” option enabled in the. User Experience pane of the Active Directory connector, that user’s home folder will be on a network server as expected. You. may see question marks in the user’s Dock, which represent the user’s Documents and Downloads folders, which are not created. Windows servers. If the network home folder is hosted on a Mac OS X Server file service, and you configured. Active Directory connector to use SMB rather than AFP, you should create the user’s home folder on the Mac OS X server. By default, Mac OS X Server will create a home folder automatically if a user makes an AFP connection, but.

SMB connection. The calculated Unique. ID is unique across the domain, yet consistent across every Mac OS X computer in the domain. Likewise, the Active Directory. Active Directory group record as well (ds.

Attr. Type. Standard: Primary. Group. ID). If you.

Ubuntu Command Line Quickstart . Knowledge of the commands. Ubuntu much easier. You will find. out how to get to the command line, and also get to grips with some of the commands used to navigate around the file system.

The skills you. learn in this chapter will give you confidence when you’re called upon to work at the command line. Quite rightly too, as the command line offers a unique and powerful way to interact with Linux. It is in these situations.

However, perseverance is key and by the end of this chapter you should at. Chapter 3. 0, “Command Line Masterclass.”. More importantly, though, you will be able to make your way around a command line–based system, which you are likely to encounter. You can use the Terminal entry in Applications. Accessories, but by far the simplest way is to press Ctrl + Alt + F1.

Ubuntu switches to a black screen and a traditional. Ubuntu 8. 0. 4(Hardy) hardy- dev tty. Ubuntu is waiting for you to log in as a user, so go ahead and enter your username and press the return key. Ubuntu then prompts. Note that Ubuntu does not show any characters while you are typing your password. This is a good thing because it prevents any shoulder surfers from seeing what you’ve typed or the length of the password. Ubuntu opens. up gnome- terminal, which allows you to access the terminal while remaining in Gnome.

This time, the terminal appears as black text on a white background. Accessing the. terminal this way, or by using the Ctrl + Alt + F1 method makes no difference because you are interacting directly with the. This command is generally used with a specific directory location or. Under Ubuntu, the cd command can also be used with several shortcuts. For example, to quickly move up to the parent (higher- level) directory, use the cd command like this. To return to one’s home directory from anywhere in the Linux file system, use the cd command like this.

You can also use the $HOME shell environment variable to accomplish the same thing. Type this command and press Enter to return to your home directory.

HOMEYou can accomplish the same thing by using the tilde (~) like this. Don’t forget the pwd command to remind you where you are within the file system!

It’s commonly used by itself, but a number of options (or switches). For instance, the following command returns a listing of all the files and directories within. This might be a lot of information. R > listing. txt. We’ve included a table showing some of the top- level directories that are part of a standard Linux distro in Table 4.

Table 4. 1. Basic Linux Directories. Name. Description/The root directory/bin. Essential commands/boot. Boot loader files, Linux kernel/dev. Device files/etc.

System configuration files/home. User home directories/initrd.

Initial RAM disk boot support (used during boot time)/lib. Shared libraries, kernel modules/lost+found. Directory for recovered files (if found after a file system check)/media. Mount point for removable media, such as DVDs and floppy disks/mnt.

Usual mount point for local, remote file systems/opt. Add- on software packages/proc. Kernel information, process control/root. Super- user (root) home/sbin. System commands (mostly root only)/srv. Holds information relating to services that run on your system/sys.

Real- time information on devices used by the kernel/tmp. Temporary files/usr.

Secondary software file hierarchy/var. Variable data (such as logs); spooled files. Knowing these directories can aid you in partitioning in any future systems, letting you choose to put certain directories.

These include the following: whereiscommand—Returns the location of the command and its man page. However, this database (about 4. MB in size and named slocate. If you do not keep your machine on constantly, you can run the updatedb command either using sudo or by using the root account to manually start the building of the database. Returns a list of commands related to subject. Time Needed To Crack Aes Encryption. If you have any familiarity with. DOS, you recognize some of these commands (although their names are different from those you remember).

Basic. file management operations include paging (reading), moving, renaming, copying, searching, and deleting files and directories. For example, to delete all files in the current directory beginning with the letters abc, you can use an expression beginning with the first three letters of the desired filenames. An asterisk (*) is then appended to match all these files.

Use a command line with the rm command like this. Linux shells recognize many types of filenaming wildcards, but this is different from the capabilities of Linux commands supporting. You learn more about using wildcards in Chapter 1. Automating Tasks.”. Working with Compressed Files. Another file management operation is compression and decompression of files, or the creation, listing, and expansion of file.

Linux distributions usually include several compression utilities you can use to create, compress. These commands include. Expands a compressed file. Compresses or expands files and directories. Expands a compressed file.

Compresses or expands files and directories. Creates, expands, or lists the contents of compressed or uncompressed file or directory archives known as tape archives or tarballs.

Most of these commands are easy to use. The tar command, however, has a somewhat complex (although capable) set of command- line options and syntax. Even so, you can quickly.

For example, to create a compressed archive of a directory. The result is a compressed archive (a file ending in . Add the letter v to the preceding options to view the list of files added during compression and archiving. To list the contents of the compressed. Of course, if many files are in the archive, a better invocation (to easily read or scroll through the output) is$ tar tzf archive . Many (though not all) these commands are statically linked which means that such commands do not depend on software libraries residing under the /lib or /usr/lib directories. Nearly all the other applications on your system are dynamically linked—meaning that they require external software libraries (also known as shared libraries) to run.

Some major software packages, such as Apache, Open. SSH. and xinetd, have directories of configuration files under /etc.

Other important system- related configuration files in /etc are. The file system table is a text file listing each hard drive, CD- ROM, floppy, or other storage device attached to your PC. Nearly all entries in. The contents of this file can be changed by various. Segregating the system and user data can be helpful in preventing data loss and making the process of backing.

For example, having user data reside on a separate file system or mounted from a remote computer on the network. This directory contains special “files” that either. Many Linux utilities extract information from dynamically created.

For example, the free command obtains its information from a file named meminfo. Mem: 1. 02. 63. Swap: 2. 03. 16. This information constantly changes as the system is used. You can get the same information by using the cat command to see the contents of the meminfo file. Mem. Total: 1. 02. B. Mem. Free: 2.

B. Buffers: 4. B. Cached: 4.

B. Swap. Cached: 0 k. B. Active: 3. B. Inactive: 4. B. High. Total: 1. B. High. Free: 2. B. Low. Total: 9.

B. Low. Free: 2. B. Swap. Total: 2. B. Swap. Free: 2. B. Dirty: 0 k. B. Writeback: 0 k.

B. Anon. Pages: 2. B. Mapped: 8. B. Slab: 2. 17. B. SReclaimable: 1. B. SUnreclaim: 9. B. Page. Tables: 5. B. NFS. For example, to “turn on” kernel protection against one type of denial of service (DOS) attack known as SYN flooding, use the echo command to send the number 1 (one) to the following /proc path.

You can use the dmesg command to see this information. Many. Linux system administrators give /usr its own partition. A number of subdirectories under /usr contain manual pages (/usr/share/man), software package shared files (/usr/share/name.

Many of these variable data files.