Crack Addiction. Any addiction – be it to drugs, alcohol, sex, gambling or anything else – is consuming. It takes over your life and has the potential to cause serious problems for you and for those around you. Crack addiction is not exempt in any way from this statement. Crack is a stimulant drug that is smoked for its euphoric, high- producing effects. Crack, also called crack cocaine, is a dangerous substance. It is highly addictive, and even one time smoking it has been known to lead to addiction.

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The consequences of crack addiction are many, and it important to seek help if you cannot stop using crack on your own. What is Crack Cocaine? Crack cocaine is derived from cocaine, which is derived from the leaves of the coca plant that’s native to South America. Cocaine is a powder which is processed to make a rock crystal called crack. According to the US Department of Justice, when cocaine is dissolved into a mixture of water and ammonia or baking soda, it becomes a solid that is broken into crack rocks. These rocks are smoked, and when this happens it produces a crackling sound, hence the name. Crack is a stimulant drug that produces a high, euphoric effect and gives people energy.

It has many other negative effects, but those are the effects desired by users. The drug is highly addictive, and its abuse is very dangerous. Street Names for Crack Cocaine. Due to the fact that crack is an illegal drug and is known to be so, most users will not call it by the names . It is important for loved ones of crack users and people who think someone they know may be using crack to know the names it may be called. Your loved one could be talking about it right in front of you, and if you don’t know the slang names for crack you may miss an opportunity to find them help.

This list is certainly non- exhaustive, as it can be difficult to learn the names and to keep up with the ever- changing illegal drug landscape. Take Back Your Life. Call The 2. 4Hr Addiction Hotline. Here are some crack street names: 2. Rock. Hard rock. Base.

Kryptonite. Sugar block. Topo. Tornado. Apple jacks.

Candy. Gravel. Electric kool- aid. Ice cube. Snow coke. Nuggets. Jelly beans. Crumbs. How Crack is Used. Crack rocks are almost always smoked, and are white or off- white in color. Smoking crack causes the drug to be delivered rapidly to the blood stream and to the brain, which makes the user experience the effects rapidly.

The high is strong, but it lasts only 5 to 1. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Using the drug in this way is said to be the riskiest form of using cocaine.

Because of its rapid but not long- lasting effects, compulsive crack use develops quickly. Effects of Crack Cocaine Use. Crack produces a number of effects that cause a user to desire more and more of the drug.

It is the effects of crack that keep people coming back, despite the side effects and consequences, according to the UMD Center for Substance Abuse Research. A discussion of crack’s effects requires a look at both short and long term effects as well as possible side effects.

Short- term effects of crack include: Crack is a stimulant drug used for its euphoric and energizing effects. Intense “rush” of euphoria. Increased energy level. Talking more. Hyper- stimulation. Increased blood pressure.

Increased heart rate. Increased breathing rate. Constriction of peripheral blood vessels. Dilated pupils. Decreased appetite. Anxiety and paranoia. Aggressive, paranoid behavior. Depression. Intense drug cravings.

Sudden death – even one use of crack can cause overdose and death. Long- term effects of crack cocaine use: Prolonged use of crack can have a number of problems for one’s physical and mental health. It can lead to addiction, and it often does, which is a chronic, relapsing disease that can take over many aspects of your life. The longer you use crack, the higher the potential for crack addiction becomes and the worse the long- term effects become, too. Here are some potential long- term effects: Severe depression. Irritability, mood disturbances.

Aggressive, paranoid behavior. Delirium or psychosis. Tolerance, addiction. Auditory and/or tactile hallucinations. Heart attack and heart disease.

Stroke. Respiratory failure. Brain seizures. Sexual dysfunction (for men and women alike)Reproductive damage, infertility (men and women)Increased frequency of risky behavior. Death. Signs of Crack Use. Knowing whether someone is on crack or not can be difficult if you do not know them well, but if you do it may be easier.

Crack causes people to act in strange and abnormal ways. At the same time, however, its effects do not last long so if you do not see someone while they are high it may be hard to tell whether they use crack or not until their crack abuse problem has grown quite large. Some things to look out for include: Talking rapidly. Feeling nervous or agitated. Erratic behavior. Large, dilated pupils.

Glassy eyes. Sweating. Lack of sleep. Dramatic mood changes. If someone has been using crack for a long time, they may also display: Dramatic loss of weight.

Always feeling either very tired or very awake. Intense arguing, more often than normal.

Extreme self confidence that is out of the ordinary. Difficulties financially. Family is Forever.

Get Help for Your Loved One. Call The 2. 4Hr Addiction Hotline. How Crack Addiction Develops. Prolonged use of crack can lead to a crack addiction.

Once a person has a crack addiction, they will engage in frequent and impulsive drug- seeking behavior and will feel that they need crack to function. Crack addiction develops quickly, especially because of the fact that the drug’s effects are not long lasting. Crack is very addictive, and smoking it even once can produce cravings to do so again. It is not uncommon for people to smoke crack multiple times a day, and for that habit to develop rapidly. In addition to the strong and rapidly diminishing effects, crack’s interaction with the brain’s pleasure center is highly implicated in the development of cravings and addiction. Crack Cocaine and the Brain. Crack addiction is the result of many things, one big factor being the interaction of the drug and the brain, particularly with the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Dopamine is an important chemical in the regulation of many things in the brain, including emotions, and feelings of pleasure and pain. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, a normal interaction with dopamine would allow dopamine to be released into a brain synapse where it would bind with the receptors on neighboring neurons. Afterwards, dopamine is normally recycled back into the neuron with the help of a dopamine transporter. When cocaine is present, however, the drug binds to the dopamine transporter, effectively blocking the recycling process and causing the dopamine to build up in the brain – hence the intense euphoria. The brain can become dependent on those interactions, and become used to having cocaine in the brain. As a person continues to abuse crack cocaine, the brain first develops a crack tolerance.

At this time the user must take higher crack doses and smoke it more frequently to register the same level of pleasure experienced previously. With tolerance comes dependence, and a person’s brain craves the feelings of pleasure that the crack creates. Addiction happens when those cravings take control, and a person cannot help but compulsively seek out crack cocaine. Signs of Crack Addiction. Suspicious or secretive behavior is a sign of crack addiction. As discussed earlier, identifying crack addiction may be difficult depending on who you are dealing with.

First of all, a common behavior of addicts is that they tend to lie about their drug use. In these conditions, they may hide the symptoms and do their best to keep their outward appearance as normal as possible. Eventually, however, as addiction worsens it becomes harder and harder to hide the symptoms.

Crack addiction symptoms manifest in three main areas: a person’s physical health, their behavior, and their mental health.

Cocaine: Effects, Hazards & Warnings. Common or street names: coke, C, blow, snow, flake; the base form of cocaine is called freebase or crack. What is Cocaine? On the street it is usually sold as a fine, white powder. The powdered, hydrochloride salt form of cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and injected. Freebase, or crack is cocaine hydrochloride that is processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda solution) and heated to remove the hydrochloride salt. Crack may be processed with a high percentage of impurities. Cocaine use in the U.

S. By prescription, it is available in the U. S. Pure cocaine is extracted from the Erythroxylon coca bush, found primarily in the South American countries of Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia. Coca- leaf infusions or teas have been used to combat altitude sickness and boost energy in many native tribes of South America. Methods of Cocaine Abuse. Cocaine is most commonly abused by snorting, smoking or injecting the drug. It can also be rubbed onto mucous membranes. Cocaine hydrochloride, when purchased on the street, is usually .

This increases the weight of the cocaine and allows the seller to make more profit on the street. Other more dangerous adulterants, such as methamphentamine, may also be used to cut cocaine.

The cocaine is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. The effect, or . Alternatively, smoking crack or injecting cocaine may have a rapid and more intense effect, but the . Cocaine is often repeatedly used in short periods of time to sustain the high, an action called . Users may be talkative, extraverted, and have a loss of appetite or need for sleep.

Cocaine’s psychoactive, pleasurable effects are short- lived without continued administration. Cocaine’s effect occurs in the midbrain region called the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Neuronal fibers from the VTA connect to the nucleus accumbens, an area of the brain responsible for rewards. Animals studies show that levels of a brain chemical (neurotransmitter) known as dopamine are increased in this area during rewards.

Normally, dopamine is released and recycled in response to these rewards. The use of cocaine can interfere with this process, allowing dopamine to accumulate and send an amplified . A tolerance to the high may develop - many addicts report that they seek but fail to achieve as much pleasure as they did from their first exposure.

Some users will increase their doses to intensify and prolong the euphoric effects. While tolerance to the high can occur, users can also become more sensitive to cocaine's anesthetic and convulsant effects without increasing the dose taken. This increased sensitivity may explain some deaths occurring after apparently low doses of cocaine.

This can result in a period of paranoid psychosis, in which the user loses touch with reality and experiences auditory hallucinations. Metabolism of Cocaine. Cocaine is metabolized primarily in the liver, with less than one percent of the parent drug being excreted in the urine. The primary metabolite is benzoylecgonine and is detectable in the urine for up to eight days after cocaine consumption. Health complications associated with cocaine use include disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attacks, chest pain and respiratory failure, strokes, seizures and headaches, and gastrointestinal complications such as abdominal pain and nausea. The various means of using cocaine can produce different adverse reactions.

Snorting cocaine can lead to loss of the sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing, hoarseness, and a chronically runny nose. Ingesting cocaine can cause severe bowel gangrene due to reduced blood flow. Portable Wise Care 365 Pro 2 21 Build 173 Multilanguage Thank. People who inject cocaine can experience severe allergic reactions and, as with all injecting drug users, are at increased risk for contracting HIV, viral hepatitis and other blood- borne diseases.

Cocaine- related deaths are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizure followed by respiratory arrest. A particularly concerning, yet often unknown interaction between alcohol and cocaine has been reported. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has found that the human liver combines cocaine and alcohol and manufactures a third substance, cocaethylene, that intensifies cocaine's euphoric effects but may increase the risk of sudden death. According to the NIDA, this drug- drug interaction, between cocaine and alcohol, is the most common two- drug combination that results in drug- related deaths.

Cocaine is a strongly addictive drug. Long- term effects of cocaine use can lead to tolerance, meaning high doses and/or more frequent use is needed to attain the same level of pleasure during the initial period of use. Because cocaine has a tendency to decrease appetite, many chronic users can become malnourished. If cocaine is used in a binge fashion, with frequent, repeated use over a short period of time, panic and paranoia may set in, with psychosis and auditory hallucinations possible. Extent of Cocaine/Crack Abuse. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimates that in 2.

U. S. These estimates were similar to the number and rate in 2. The annual number of cocaine initiates (first time using cocaine) declined from 1. The number of initiates of crack declined during this period from 3. For adults 2. 6 years of age or older, 0. The average age at first use was for cocaine was 2. Use of any illicit drug, but especially drugs such as cocaine, are of great concern with youth.

According to the 2. Monitoring the Future Survey, a national drug use survey of 8th- , 1. U. S., the use of cocaine continues to decline compared to previous years. In 2. 01. 0, 1. 2th- grade use was at 2.

Crack use held steady in 2. According to the NSDUH, 2 out of every 1. For young adults aged 1. Cocaine Use in Pregnancy. The full extent of cocaine effects on the unborn or newborn child are not fully known. Studies have shown that infants born to women who use cocaine during pregnancy may be delivered prematurely, have low birth rates, and may be shorter in length.

Women who abuse cocaine may have other addictive habits, such as nicotine and alcohol use. The amount of prenatal care, exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, and socioeconomic factors may also affect infant outcomes. Research is finding that exposure to cocaine in utero may also lead to deficits in cognitive abilities, information processing, and ability to complete tasks in childhood.

Treatment Options for Cocaine Abusers and Addiction. The extensive abuse of cocaine has lead to efforts to develop treatment programs for this type of drug abuse.

The majority of abusers seeking treatment programs are smoke crack, and are likely to be polydrug abusers. Strategies are needed to address the neurobiologial, social and medical aspects of cocaine addiction. Behavioral and pharmacologic strategies are required.

One of the National Institute on Drug Abuse's top research priorities is to find a medication to block or greatly reduce the effects of cocaine, to be used as one part of a comprehensive treatment program. The National Institute on Drug Abuse funded researchers are also looking at medications that help alleviate the severe craving that people in treatment for cocaine addiction often experience. Several medications are currently being investigated for their safety and efficacy in treating cocaine addiction.

Vigabatrin, modafinil, tiagabine, disulfiram and topiramate show promise in controlled clinical trials. Additionally, in 2. D3 receptors were being researched for safety in humans. Providing the optimal combination of treatment and services for each individual is critical to successful outcomes. Related: See Also: Sources. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

Research Report Series. Cocaine: Abuse and Additiction. Bmw E36 Rear Diffuser Install. Accessed 1. 2/1. 1/2. Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

Office of Applied Studies. Results from the 2. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings.