RIP, Microsoft Paint. MS Paint, the first app you used for editing images, will probably be killed off in future updates of Windows 1.

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• Name; synopsis; description; api overview.
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Paint 3. D. Microsoft lists the 3. Windows 1. 0’s next autumn update, a little X marking the end of an era. The app is certainly a relic, from a time when the casual computer user couldn’t crack open Photoshop or Skitch or Pixelmator or thousands of web apps. MS Paint can’t save image components as layers or vectors; it’s for making flat static images only. It doesn’t smooth lines or guess at your best intentions. It does what you tell it and nothing more, faithfully representing the herky- jerky motion of drawing freehand with a computer mouse. It’s from a time before touch, a time before trackpads.

As more sophisticated options appeared, Paint’s janky aesthetic became a conscious choice. TV Tropes lists major limitations that came to define a certain look: the wobbly freehand lines, awkward color handling, and inappropriate export settings that give Paint its distinctive look. In 2. 01. 4, Gawker’s Sam Biddle noted Paint’s influence on conspiracy theory images, calling the form “Chart Brut.” In amateur detectives’ attempts at identifying the Boston Marathon bombers, the simplicity and jaggedness of Paint evokes the “crazy wall” aesthetic of red string and scribbled notes, apparently without irony. The same year, internet historian Patrick Davison explored Paint’s influence on the last decade of meme culture, particularly Rage Comics. The outsider- art aesthetic feels appropriate to the relatable everyday content, and makes the art form unthreatening. Of course, Paint offered a few features to smooth things out, like the circle and line tools and the “fill” tool, all used in the stoner comics of the early 1. Crucially, those circles still had jagged curves.

The bright colors of stoner comics are flat, as MS Paint didn’t support gradients (without an elaborate hack). Contrast those pixellated lines with the slick, stylish face from this art tutorial: This slickness is built into Paint’s successor, Paint 3. D. From the moment you start sketching, Paint 3. D smooths out your art. Paint’s sloppiness is probably why rage comics got so popular. Looking at a rage comic, you can tell exactly how it was drawn, and how you might draw one yourself. By delivering exactly what the artist draws, MS Paint forms an image that the viewer can mentally reverse- engineer and imitate.

Unless you go absolutely nuts with it. Reddit user Toweringhorizon painstakingly assembled the drawing “To a Little Radio” using MS Paint tools like the oil brush, stretching the medium while maintaining a pixelated look. It’s one of the top submissions to MS Paint subreddit, a beautiful collaborative art gallery.

Scrolling through this art feels like flipping through the sketchbook of the most artistic kid in high school. There’s an accepted roughness, a desired minimalism. For example, the exquisite raindrops in the work above are reflected in a flat, featureless tabletop. Like a transistor radio, Paint might be showing its age, but this tenacious little gadget should not be underestimated.“To a Little Radio” doesn’t even come close to testing Paint’s limits. As we say goodbye to the app that shaped an era, let us watch this bizarrely soundtracked time lapse of drawing Santa Claus in MS Paint on Windows 7 over the course of 5. We can only believe this is real because faking it would be even harder.

For examples in other languages, see . We also try to group API calls together, where that may not be obvious from reading about the individual calls in the main section of this manual. HANDLESBefore you can use libguestfs calls, you have to create a handle. Then you must add at least one disk image to the handle, followed by launching the handle, then performing whatever operations you want, and finally closing the handle. By convention we use the single letter g for the name of the handle variable, although of course you can use any name you want. The general structure of all libguestfs- using programs looks like this: guestfs. In real code you should check return values carefully for errors.

In general all functions that return integers return - 1 on error, and all functions that return pointers return NULL on error. See section . Consult the documentation for each function to find out how to free the return value.

See guestfs- examples(3) for fully worked examples. DISK IMAGESThe image filename (. Libguestfs lets you do useful things to all of these. The call you should use in modern code for adding drives is .

To add a disk image, allowing writes, and specifying that the format is raw, do: guestfs. If you use the readonly flag, libguestfs won't modify the file. Adding it read- write will almost certainly cause disk corruption, but adding it read- only is safe.

You should usually add at least one disk image, and you may add multiple disk images. If adding multiple disk images, they usually have to be .

In the API, the disk images are usually referred to as /dev/sda (for the first one you added), /dev/sdb (for the second one you added), etc. Once . You can call . If you already know that a disk image contains (for example) one partition with a filesystem on that partition, then you can mount it directly: guestfs. If the disk contains Linux LVM2 logical volumes you could refer to those instead (eg. Note that these are libguestfs virtual devices, and are nothing to do with host devices.

If you are given a disk image and you don’t know what it contains then you have to find out. Libguestfs can do that too: use . To list just filesystems, use . You might also want to look at higher level programs built on top of libguestfs, in particular virt- inspector(1). To mount a filesystem read- only, use .

There are several other variations of the guestfs. There are over a hundred such calls which you can find listed in detail below in this man page, and we don't even pretend to cover them all in this overview. Specify filenames as full paths, starting with . If you are using the C API (documented here) you have to check for those error conditions after each call.

It won't make much sense unless you familiarize yourself with the concepts of physical volumes, volume groups and logical volumes. This author strongly recommends reading the LVM HOWTO, online at http: //tldp. HOWTO/LVM- HOWTO/. DOWNLOADINGUse . This call cannot handle files containing any ASCII NUL (\0) characters. However the API is very simple to use. To create a file of all zeroes, use .

There are a variety of other functions for creating test files, for example . This call has no limits on file content or size. To upload multiple files, see . If you add the drive in a predictable way (eg.

Note that squashfs images are sometimes non- portable between kernel versions, and they don't support labels or UUIDs. If you want to pre- build an image or you need to mount it using a label or UUID, use an ISO image instead.

COPYINGThere are various different commands for copying between files and devices and in and out of the guest filesystem. These are summarised in the table below. Use . To copy less than the whole source device, use the optional size parameter: guestfs. However many Un*x- like hosts let you use the special device files /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr and /dev/fd/N to read and write from stdin, stdout, stderr, and arbitrary file descriptor N. For example, virt- cat(1) writes its output to stdout by doing: guestfs. It is more equivalent to using the readdir(3) call on a local filesystem.

These commands may attempt to exploit your program by sending unexpected output. They could also try to exploit the Linux kernel or qemu provided by the libguestfs appliance. They could use the network provided by the libguestfs appliance to bypass ordinary network partitions and firewalls. They could use the elevated privileges or different SELinux context of your program to their advantage. A secure alternative is to use libguestfs to install a .

For information about other security issues, see guestfs- security(1). The two main API calls to run commands are . For example, Augeas understands how to read and write, say, a Linux shadow password file or X.

The main Augeas calls are bound through the guestfs. We don't document Augeas itself here because there is excellent documentation on the http: //augeas. If you don’t want to use Augeas (you fool!) then try calling . However it is not possible to load the SELinux policy of the guest into the appliance kernel. Therefore the strategy for dealing with SELinux guests is to relabel them after making changes. In libguestfs . To properly use this API you have to parse the guest SELinux configuration.

See the virt- customize(1) module customize/SELinux. These did not work properly, are deprecated, and should not be used in new code. UMASKCertain calls are affected by the current file mode creation mask (the .

In particular ones which create files or directories, such as . This affects either the default mode that the file is created with or modifies the mode that you supply. Cbs Radio World News Roundup Download Chrome on this page. The default umask is 0. There are two ways to avoid being affected by umask. Either set umask to 0 (call guestfs. Some filesystems let you call . Download Wedding Dash 4 Full Cracked on this page.

This includes nearly all whole disk encryption systems used by modern Linux guests. Use . Obviously you will require the passphrase!

Opening a LUKS device creates a new device mapper device called /dev/mapper/mapname (where mapname is the string you supply to . Reads and writes to this mapper device are decrypted from and encrypted to the underlying block device respectively. LVM volume groups on the device can be made visible by calling .

The logical volume(s) can now be mounted in the usual way. Use the reverse process to close a LUKS device. Unmount any logical volumes on it, deactivate the volume groups by calling guestfs.

Then close the mapper device by calling . FUSE may require that a kernel module is loaded, and it may be necessary to add the current user to a special fuse group. See the documentation for your distribution and http: //fuse.

The call to mount the libguestfs filesystem on a local directory is . The latter does not return until you unmount the filesystem.

The reason is that the call enters the FUSE main loop and processes kernel requests, turning them into libguestfs calls. An alternative design would have been to create a background thread to do this, but libguestfs doesn't require pthreads. This way is also more flexible: for example the user can create another thread for .

The mountpoint is not ready to use until the call returns. At this point, accesses to the filesystem will block until the main loop is entered (ie.

So if you need to start another process to access the filesystem, put the fork between . For best performance do not use it. Use ordinary libguestfs filesystem calls, upload, download etc. There are some restrictions, see below. This is called hotplugging. Only a subset of the backends support hotplugging (currently only the libvirt backend has support).

It also requires that you use libvirt . It is mandatory to specify the label parameter so that the newly added disk has a predictable name. For example: if (guestfs. You can call this before or after . You can only remove disks that were previously added with a label.

Backends that support hotplugging do not require that you add . When hotplugging is supported you don't need to add any disks. REMOTE STORAGECEPHLibguestfs can access Ceph (librbd/RBD) disks.